Animal Farm, By George Orwell - 1089 Words

In George Orwell’s â€Å"Animal Farm†, the pigs as the farm leaders, use unknown language, invoke scare tactics and create specific laws, thereby enabling them to control other animals, to suit their greedy desires, and to perform actions outside their realm of power. Because of the pigs’ use of broad language, and the implementation of these tactics they are able to get away with avoiding laws, and are able to convince other animals into believing untrue stories that are beneficial to the pigs. The first method in which the pigs use language to abuse their power is by using extensive detail and using vocabulary foreign to most animals. An example of the pigs using unknown terms can be found when Squealer explains to the other animals about how hard the pigs need to work to keep the farm running. â€Å"There was, as Squealer was never tired of explaining, endless work in the supervision and organization of the farm. Much of this work was of a kind that the other animals were too ignorant to understand. For example, Squealer told them that the pigs had to expend enormous labours every day upon mysterious things called ‘files,’ ‘reports,’ ‘minutes,’ and ‘memoranda’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Orwell 129). In this scene, the animals, being exhausted, hungry, and overworked, are told about how the pigs work just as hard as they do. Although this is completely untrue, seeing that the pigs only occupy themselves in self-centered and self-beneficial engagements, the other animals believe it to be true because theyShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm And George Orwell By George Orwell1034 Words   |  5 Pages Eric Arthur Blair, under the pseudonym of George Orwell, composed many novels in his lifetime that were considered both politically rebellious and socially incorrect. Working on the dream since childhood, Orwell would finally gain notoriety as an author with his 1945 novel Animal Farm, which drew on personal experiences and deeply rooted fear to satirically critique Russian communism during its expansion. Noticing the impact he made, he next took to writing the novel 1984, which similarly criticizedRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1397 Words   |  6 PagesAn important quote by the influential author of Animal Farm, George Orwell, is, â€Å"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism.† George Orwell, a Democratic Socialist, wrote the book Animal Farm as an attack on the Communist country of Russia (â€Å"The Political Ideas of George Orwell,† worldsocialism.org). He had a very strong disliking of Communism and the Socialist party of Russia. However, he insisted on finding the truthRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1545 Words   |  7 Pagesallow because an this elite institution of people often use this gear to dominate and oppress society. In George Orwell’s story, Animal Farm, Orwell demonstrates that education is a powerful weapon and is a device that can be used to at least one’s benefit. Living in a world where strength is a straightforward to benefit, the pigs quick use education to govern the relaxation of the animals on the farm to serve themselves worked to their advantage. This story in shows the underlying message that   firstRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell944 Words   |  4 Pageslegs(Orwell 132). He carried a whip in his trotter(Orwell 133). In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, animals have the ability to talk and form their own ethos, Animalism. Animal Farm is an intriguing allegory by George Orwell, who is also th e author of 1984, includes many enjoyable elements. More knowledge of the author, his use of allegorical elements, themes, symbols, and the significance in the real world, allows the reader to get more out of this glance into the future. George OrwellRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell876 Words   |  4 Pagesrebellious animals think no man means freedom and happiness, but they need to think again. The animals of Manor Farm rebel against the farm owner, Mr. Jones, and name it Animal Farm. The animals create Animalism, with seven commandments. As everything seems going well, two of the animals get into a rivalry, and things start changing. Food starts disappearing and commandments are changed, and the power begins to shift. Father of dystopian genre, George Orwell writes an interesting allegory, Animal FarmRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1100 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Widely acknowledged as a powerful allegory, the 1945 novella Animal Farm, conceived from the satirical mind of acclaimed author George Orwell, is a harrowing fable of a fictional dystopia that critiques the socialist philosophy of Stalin in terms of his leadership of the Soviet Union. Tired of their servitude to man, a group of farm animals revolt and establish their own society, only to be betrayed into worse servitude by their leaders, the pigs, whose initial virtuous intentionsRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1538 Words   |  7 PagesMecca Animal Farm The Russian Revolution in 1917 shows how a desperate society can be turned into a military superpower filled with terror and chaos. George Orwell uses his book, Animal Farm, to parallel this period of time in history. This book is an allegory of fascism and communism and the negative outcomes. The animals begin with great unity, working toward a common goal. The government then becomes corrupted by the temptations of power. George Orwell uses the characters in Animal Farm to showRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1175 Words   |  5 PagesAn enthusiastic participant in the Spanish civil war in 1936, George Orwell had a great understanding of the political world and made his strong opinions known through his enlightening literary works, many of which are still read in our modern era. Inspired by the 1917 Russian Revolution and the failed society it resulted in, Animal Farm by George Orwell is an encapsulating tale that epitomises how a free utopian society so idealistic can never be accomplished. The novella exemplifies how influencesRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1212 Words   |  5 PagesShe stood there over the dead animals thinking to herself what have we come to? We try to become free but we just enslave ourselves to a so called superior kind. Napoleon killed the animals in front of the whole farm and said that this was to be the punishment for the traitors. Snowball was known as a traitor now and anyone conspiring with him would be killed. Snowball and Napoleon both represent historical characters during the Russian revolution in 1917.Snowball who was one of the smartest pigsRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell999 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Farm Essay George Gurdjieff was an influential spiritual teacher in the early twentieth century. He references in the following quote that when one is uneducated he will always remain a slave. â€Å"Without self knowledge, without understanding the working and functions of his machine, man cannot be free, he cannot govern himself and he will always remain a slave.† (Gurdjieff) This ties in with how the animals are treated in George Orwell’s Animal Farm. Animal Farm is a novella about animals who

Teamwork in the Workplace - 2308 Words

What are the advantages and disadvantages of working in teams? By reference to relevant theory show how can the disadvantages be reduced or avoided. A team is a group of people working together to achieve the same objectives. Katzenbach and Smith state in their report The Discipline of Teams (1993) that ‘the essence of a team is common commitment. Without it, groups perform as individuals; with it, they become a powerful unit of collective performance.’ Throughout this study, I will analyse the many different advantages and disadvantages of working in teams and its effects on team members and their performance and commitment within the team. I will consider many different aspects of team work and refer to certain established theories in†¦show more content†¦In this case it is possible that a member of the team may show more leader like qualities, this could become disadvantageous to the team as the leader may attempt to dominate the group work and not consider the needs or views of other team members. This again could create conflict and unease amongst group members and will ultimately affect the collaborati on of the group project. Levin (2005) suggests that the idea of a team is to share the same objectives. This may not always be the case if team members have never met before and are not fully clear of the task set. This can lead to confusion between members and may mean that some team members are unwilling to be told by their peers what to do. This is an example on ineffective team work. A further disadvantage of teamwork may be that the team has existed too long and inspiration of new ideas has expired. This idea is discussed in Fincham and Rhodes (2005). There is a risk of team members becoming too friendly with each other and that friendships and professional relationships may be difficult to distinguish. If this occurs, team work is affected as it may be easy for team members to become distracted by personal issues rather than focussing on the task set. In this way team work may become less effective. It is important that team members remain professional when working inShow MoreRelatedThe Advantages of Teamwork at the Workplace1051 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Teamwork in the workplace has never seemed as important as it currently stands. Much of the cross-training that takes place in the workplace is due to the extended importance that has been placed on developing teams comprised of members who can handle a variety of tasks and are able to transition throughout the company at a moments notice. There are important components that a team must have in order to be the efficient and effective force that most managers desire of them. Effective teams areRead MoreTeamwork in the Workplace Essay1561 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s world teamwork is being utilized by companies across the globe. Employers are seeing the value of teamwork and what can be accomplished when people put the strengths together. These teams consist of people from different cultures with different personalities. Conflict is inevitable when it comes to group dynamics. Conflict resolution is necessary to keep the group functioning efficiently. This paper will analyze group dynamics and focus on conflict resolution by way of communication. Read MoreTeamwork And The Workplace Increasing Job Satisfaction1609 Words   |  7 PagesTeamwork is identified as one of the most important aspects in the workplace increasing job satisfaction (Korner, Wirtz, Bengel Gortiz, 2015). Since the 1980’s the numbe r of organizations following team based structure has increased significantly (Larson Lafasto, 1989). At first, it was believed that teams with higher intelligence would perform greater than teams with lower intelligence (Belbin, 2012). However, successful teams need individuals to adhere to certain roles. Some individuals areRead MoreWorking With Teams739 Words   |  3 PagesWorking with teams Working in teams is a common approach that many areas such as schools, workplaces are taking in certain tasks, responsibilities or even special projects. While it can be quite challenging to work in teams towards a common goal due to different personality types that people have it is very advantageous for both individuals and the organizations involved (Rasing, 2013).The paper will highlight on some of the positive experiences that exist for working in teams.it will at what peopleRead MoreThe Workforce Of Today Is Made Up Of Individuals From Diverse Backgrounds1668 Words   |  7 Pagesthe significance of possessing the transferable skills such as teamwork. The reason has been the assumption that the mastery of the skills in the specific discipline can enable them to secure their dream position after graduation. However, given that the employees have a central role to play in the achievement of business goals and objectives, employers are increasingly placing more emphasis on skills such as communication, teamwork, and social responsibility (Schuele Madison, 2010). The principalRead MoreChapter1-Introduction. Existing Studies Focus On The Impact1030 Words   |  5 PagesChapter1-Introduction Existing studies focus on the impact of teamwork and productivity on implementing, quality improvement. For example developing a culture within the work place where teamwork is a vital necessity can significantly improve performance, effectiveness, efficiency, morale, job satisfaction, unity of purpose, communications, innovative thinking, quality, speed in getting things done, and loyalty to an organization (Warrick, 2014). In corporate America, superiority and personal recognitionRead MoreSocial Cultural Context Of Behavior Change Interventions1159 Words   |  5 PagesMuch of the current scholarly literature argues that managing workplace culture is an increasingly vital subject in any organisation. Workplace culture, also known as organizational culture can be defined as the values, beliefs, norms and assumptions that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of any organization (The Business Dictionary, 2015). Research has recognized that a strong workplace culture is not only important for the successfulness and sustainability of a companyRead MoreEssential Attributes in Nursing1220 Words   |  5 Pagesand communities. In a nursing good workplace citizenship needs an understanding and maintaining a good relationship between patients and health professional to deliver quality health care and services. In the context of nursing, communication, teamwork and social responsibility is the main graduates attributes that are essential in workplace citizenship because it promotes a healthy relationship between health professionals, patients and improve the nursing workplace. Communication is the exchangingRead MoreCreative Culture-Annotated Bibliography, Nursing Essay801 Words   |  4 Pagescreative thinking thereby more adapt at problem solving skills, more innovative, encourage critical analysis, written and communication skills. These are highly advantageous skills for nursing staff to possess and are also almost an imperative workplace requirement for nursing staff. Critical thinking for example is a essential component to nursing as it requires nursing staff to observe what they are thinking by focusing on crucial parts of the system and checking to see if they are on courseRead MoreTransferable Skills in workplace1508 Words   |  7 PagesTransferable Skills in Workplace Introduction As a student, it never too soon to look at the job market in which you will be operating as a job seeker, and at what can help you to maximize the chance of having a profitable job. To be attractive to the employer is that students have to acquire during the school time. Nowadays, there have been many researches on employability, which is generally regarded as a broader concept of skills in the workplace. According to the definition given by the Higher

Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Our Life - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1432 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Science Essay Level High school Tags: Artificial Intelligence Essay Did you like this example? Artificial Intelligence is the concept and improvement of laptop systems capable of acting responsibilities that commonly require human intelligence inclusive of visual notion speech popularity choice making and translation among languages. synthetic intelligence has its advantages and downsides. A number of those benefits will be the few errors they might make; a number of the ones robots may be used to discover the space that is going to the moon or other planets additionally to find out the non-public oceans and mining. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Role Of Artificial Intelligence In Our Life" essay for you Create order one in each of the largest blessings that you may want to apply this machinery might be that they do no longer want to sleep and do the entirety without any postpone or waste of time. Artificial Intelligence is probably decreased to the importance of robots and could not show any type of feeling in what refers to medical care in case the time comes or whilst people are modified by means of using robots this makes them enjoy vain and no longer looking to do some aspect else that they will stay and they they will not have artwork or to provide them the maximum easy this will bring about a war and total destruction. there are unique forms of synthetic intelligence which have been superior in brand new years. History Artificial Intelligence is a field in technology that has been around for many years with the contributions of Alan Turing. Turing is considered the father of Artificial Intelligence and one of the precursors of modern computing. He was a mathematician, theoretical computer scientist, cryptographer, an English philosopher. Turing believed that anything ever that humanity can compute could also be computed by his theoretical Turing Machine. After World War 2, Turing was asked to develop a machine, and he provided a detailed design but did not see it built because his partners believed it too difficult. Eventually, his machine would be built by the Royal Society Computing Machine Laboratory in 1948 which was influenced by his work (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2018). This would be the beginning of AI research. Today, AI is used in more and more areas. Hollywood and the technology companies use it for entertainment and to make apps. Other private sectors use it for tax preparation, songwriting, and digital advertising (Hurd and Kelly, 2018). Governments have also used it for things like medical treatment and to help solve crimes (2018). As AI use increases, it is important to see what the good and bad things are from it. Positives Artificial intelligence has gained great value in recent years. Modern systems have the ability to manage large amounts of data and simplify calculations very quickly. The inventors of artificial intelligence are looking to expand this technology further into the future. therefore, artificial intelligence will achieve greater growth in the coming years. In this way, the artificial intelligence system will surpass and achieve incomparable performance, so much so that it is managing to generalize to the basic tasks of humans. The robots are manufactured in all sizes and are programmed to perform all kinds of functions. They exist from the most basic that perform simple tasks, to the most complex that achieve the same performance as a person with university degrees. Each day different types of machines are built, which perform simple or complex tasks faster than a person. This is leading to increased efficiency for businesses. In their study, Masayuki Morikawa surveyed more than 3000 Japanese businesses and found that they were positive on the increase of AI being used in their company. They also found that the use of AI complimented the skills of current employees with higher degrees, creating a demand for better workers (2016). The benefits and the opportunities with the use of artificial intelligence can help in many ways; Increasing the finances of a business, improving the security this technology could help to diminish the risk of viruses, or solve them and keep companies safe from cyber attacks. In other things for many people this can be a good start for their economy and to be able to maintain control over what they can buy or where it is much better to invest. AI technology is increasingly providing us with new knowledge and information about our actions. Fueled by sensors, data digitization, and ever-increasing connectedness, AI filters, associates, prioritizes, classifies, measures, and predicts outcomes, allowing the federal government to make more informed, data-driven decisions (Maughn 2018). The data-driven decisions the federal government makes is already showing. The testimony of Douglas Maughan state that AI has assisted the Department of Homeland Security in preventing attacks against critical infrastructure like banks and 911 centers. He also spoke about the ability of AI to help with intelligence gathering. For example, Customs and Border Protection has used AI to try and identify travelers that could be a threat to the country (2018). Negatives In terms of employment for people, once AI becomes used more and more, there are concerns expressed by many. Adam Butler quotes that the next 3 years will see half a million more jobs created but also more than half of todays jobs [will become] automated within the next 35 years (2018). The robots are manufactured to work and act like normal equipment since this is seen every day. To the point of becoming so real in some countries already have robots taking over for people: Mexico occupies 30 with 33 robots for every 100 employees, Argentina occupies the 36 with 16 units and Brazil the number 38 with 11 units. The robots are more and more in the whole world and every time it becomes more real and more present than ever (Morikawa 2016). Another issue with AI is the fact that despite not being 100% reliable, people still trust it more than a human. Wagner, Borenstein, and Howard give different examples of when people overtrust AI like a robot. In one study, the people were put in a fake emergency situation and instead of following evacuation signs, they listened to the robot even when they were told before that the robot was broken (2018). This September, the Subcommittee on statistics and technology inside the U.S. house of Representatives launched a file on AI. whilst it did have positives for its use, it additionally spoke about terrible things. The malicious use of AI will trade the manner we construct and manipulate the digital infrastructure in addition to our AI device and this could require many answers and extra employees from distinctive enterprise. What bad results would the awful management of AI deliver us? and the way do we prevent this harm to society? The subcommittee listening to additionally highlighted the want to prepare for and guard against the malicious use of AI. in advance this year, Open AI, a non-income AI studies employer that testified at one of the listening to, co-authored a document findings that accept good enough defenses are evolved, AI development, will result in cyber attacks which might be extra effective, extra finely centered, extra tough to characteristic, and more likely to tak e advantage of vulnerability in AI systems' (Hurd and Kelly, 2018).   Ã‚  Ã‚   For the destiny, all of the writers agree on numerous matters. the first is that the research in artificial Intelligence need to preserve and increase. The federal authorities desires to stay the chief in studies so China cannot beat us (Hurd and Kelly 2018). It also wants to use it to boom use in fatherland security to protect the nation and the peoples within it (Maughan 2018). second is that personal companies need to use it to make better matters that value much less cash to make. Robert Atkinson writes that people should now not worry approximately their jobs being taken by means of robots due to the fact agencies will nonetheless want humans to repair the robots so that you can virtually create extra jobs. He additionally says that whenever in history while a new era comes and decreases jobs at the start, greater jobs come later and that is a advantage for anyone. In end, the synthetic intelligence is reaching a extraordinary balance in everyday lifestyles. despite the fact that robots can replacement human beings in essential jobs which include workers or marketing they can not have their private creativity and no feelings. Conversely, we human beings have a huge range. increasing steps are being taken in phrases of equipment and use of those in distinct factors of each day life. artificial intelligence is a debate among society and people who assist the contribution made to help humanity with the troubles of hunger and above all poverty. in this process, the definition of the vital facts codecs and the corresponding mechanisms to defend security and privacy might be mainly essential.

The Effects Of Wound Healing On Diabetic Patients

eous wound healing and why some processes may be altered in diabetic patients â€Å"The process by which tissue repair takes place is termed wound healing and is comprised of a continuous sequence of inflammation and repair, in which epithelial, endothelial, inflammatory cells, platelets and fibroblasts briefly come together outside their normal domains, interact to restore a semblance of their usual discipline and having done so resume their normal function†. (The Cellular Biology of Wound Healing 2016) Wound healing has 3 distinct stages, an inflammatory response, a proliferation phase and a maturation phase, however wound healing is not a linear process and a patient can move back and forth throughout the stages. After the occurrence of a wound the inflammatory process immediately begins and can last up to 3 days (Wound Healing 2016), the initial injury causes the small vessels around the wound site to be disturbed resulting in bleeding, the body’s first response is a haemodynamic one in that it restricts these vessels in order to prevent blood loss. There then comes a rapid release of preformed inflammatory mediators from the cells surrounding the injury, the first thing this causes is the aggregation of platelets, these platelets adhere to extracellular surface structures which are exposed, such as collagen and basement membranes, this in turn causes serotonin from platelet stores to be stimulated. (Kirk, Phillips and Murray 2001) As well as attracting furtherShow MoreRelatedThe Power Of Honey : Honey1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbeginning to be more seriously investigated as a solution to this problem.     Ã‚     The article, The evidence and rationale for the use of honey as a wound dressing focuses on the evidence and explanation as to the effectiveness of the bioactivites in honey that support and promote wound healing. This study concluded that honey showed tremendous value in wound healing. Honey has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity specifically to gram positive and gram negative species, anaerobes, and aerobes. It showedRead MoreA Brief Note On Patients With Diabetic Lower Leg Ulcers With Activated Protein C ( Apc )1119 Words   |  5 PagesWounds related to Diabetic Neuropathy Patients with diabetic neuropathy generally ended up with wounds, since they have reduced ability to feel pain and temperature. The problem that the guideline addresses is â€Å"patients with lower-extremity neuropathic disease (LEND) with or at risk for wounds† (National Guideline Clearinghouse, 2012, para. 1). The purpose of the guideline is to â€Å"support clinical practice by providing consistent, research-based information with the goal of improved cost-effectiveRead MoreA Brief Note On Diabetes And Its Effects On The Lives Of People Suffering From Diabetes Essay2303 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Diabetes is a chronic illness that effects a large number of the population, 243,125 New Zealanders were diagnosed according to the 2013 census (Diabetes New Zealand, 2014a). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes unstable hyperglycaemia resulting from a defect in insulin secretion or action within the body (Belonwu, Obimba, Ozougwu Unakalamba, 2013). Diabetes is a condition that can have detrimental effects on the lives of people suffering from diabetes, diabetes isRead MoreFoot-Care for Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers2662 Words   |  11 Pages THE ROLE OF DEBRIDEMENT IN WOUND HEALING OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES FOOT ULCERS (REFLECTIVE ANALYSIS) INCIDENT As a registered nurse with over 10 years of clinical practice experience in various field of nursing including caring for patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), I was concerned with rise in the numbers of DFUs cases resulting into higher rates of amputation, disabilities and mortality . DFU are caused by a combination of peripheral neuropathy and vascular diseases resulting fromRead MoreEducation Plan For A Care For Diabetic Pat Patients Who Have Foot Ulcers Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pageseducation plan is aimed at wound care for diabetic pat patients who have foot ulcers. This can occur to any diabetic patient, however it is not usually an issue until they’re in their early 30s. This patient population can include a variety of education and experience backgrounds, however it is important that all patients are able to understand it so it will be presented in congruence with a fifth grade literacy level. They also have a variety of levels of support, however the patient t hat this plan wasRead MoreBone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesand wound healing through synergistic downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and increased production of soluble factors with antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and proangiogenic properties(95)VojtaÃ… ¡Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¡k et al.,(96) isolated and cultured skin fibroblasts and BMSCs from a diabetic patient. They seeded the fibroblasts onto a Coladerm membrane to form a biograft. Then, they topically applied BMSCs to the wound and covered with the previously modified Coladerm membrane. They observed that the patient showedRead MoreEssay on The Final Process in Inflammation: Wound Healing1750 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Wound healing is the final process in inflammation at which the architecture and the function of the tissues were repaired after an injury.[1] Basically, before wound healing takes place, inflammation occurs at which it helps to eliminate the injurious agents and if elimination is not possible, inflammation helps limiting the effects caused by the injurious agents. Finally, it prepares the site of injury for healing process.[2] Picture taken from: http://www.pilonidal.org/aftercare/wound_healing_indepthRead MoreThe Human Body Is A Very Complex System In Which Thrives1611 Words   |  7 Pagesbefore a distinction was discovered between the different types. There are several things in which are secondary and or come hand in hand with diabetes that worsen or will predispose the body to another ailment. Obesity is a large factor amongst patients whom have this disease as well as peripheral artery disease or atherosclerosis. When blood flow to large areas is cut off the tissue begins to break down and eventually dies, resulting in gangrene. There are a several forms of gangrene and datesRead MoreTreating Long-term Elderly Patents with Pressure Ulcers1036 Words   |  4 PagesLong-term Care Patients: A Case Study Patients at Long Term Care Facilities are generally debilitated and elderly people who have incontinence problems. Incontinence makes treating pressure ulcers very difficult because it alters tissue tolerance and reapplying products becomes very costly. Usually negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is used to treat pressure ulcers but it is also very costly and does not match with some wound locations. Collagen plays a vital role in the wound healing process byRead MoreMission, Governance, And Financing858 Words   |  4 PagesMission, Governance, and Financing Christus St. Elizabeth Outpatient Wound Care Clinic is primarily a community health agency that serves the Beaumont and Southeast Texas area. Its mission statement is â€Å"to extend the healing ministry of Jesus Christ† (â€Å"Our Mission, Values, and Vision†, 2016). As a not-for-profit agency, Christus St. Elizabeth Wound Care Clinic works with numerous agencies to make a profound effect in the lives of patients and to promote a positive change in the community. A mixture of

Course Notes on Principles of Management Free Essays

The Global Environment In the past, managers have viewed the global sector as closed. Each country or market was assumed to be isolated from others. Firms did not consider global competition, exports. We will write a custom essay sample on Course Notes on Principles of Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today’s environment is very different. Managers need to view it as an open market. Organizations buy and sell around the world. Managers need to learn to compete globally. Tariff Barriers A tariff is a barriers to trade. Tariffs are taxes levied upon imports. These seek to protect jobs in the home country. Other countries usually retaliate. Free trade: in a free trade agreement, each country seeks to specialize in things they make most efficiently. If India is more efficient in making textiles, and the USA in making computer software, then each country should focus on these. Distance Culture Barriers The second leading cause of trade barriers. Distance closed the markets as far as some managers were concerned. Communications could be difficult. Languages and cultures were different. During the last 50 years, communications and transportation technology has dramatically improved. Jet aircraft, fiber optics, satellites have provided fast, secure communications and transportation. These have also reduced cultural differences. Effects on Managers Declining barriers have opened great opportunities for managers. Managers can not only sell goods and services but also buy resources and components globally. Managers now face a more dynamic and exciting job due to global competition. Free Trade NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement. Abolishes most tariffs on goods traded between Mexico, Canada and the U. S. Allows unrestricted cross-border flows of resources. Many U. S. firms have now invested in Mexico. This is a manufacturing opportunity. Wage costs are lower in Mexico. Can serve Mexico with a plant in Mexico and reduce freight. Managers face new opportunities and threats. Global Task Environment Suppliers Distributors Managers buy products from global suppliers or make items abroad and supply themselves. Key is to keep quality high and costs low. Global outsourcing: firms buy inputs from throughout the world. GM might build engines in Mexico, transmissions in Korea, and seats in the U. S. Finished goods become global products. Distributors: each country often has a unique system of distribution. Managers must identify all the issues. Customers Competitors Formerly distinct national markets are merging into a huge global market. True for both consumer and business goods. Creates large opportunities. Still, managers often must customize products to fit the culture. McDonald’s sells a local soft drink in Brazil. Global competitors present new threats. Increases competition abroad as well as at home. Forces in the Global General Environment Political-Legal Forces Results from diverse and changing nature of each countries’ political system. Representative democracies: such as the U. S. , Britain, Canada. Citizens elect leaders who make decisions for electorate. Usually has a number of safeguards such as freedom of expression, a fair court system, regular elections, and limited terms for officials. Well defined legal system and economic freedom. Totalitarian regimes: a single political party or person monopolize power in a country. Typically do not recognize or permit opposition. Most safeguards found in a democracy do not exist. Examples include Iran, Iraq, and China. These are difficult to do business with given the lack of economic freedom. Further, human rights issues also cause managers to avoid dealing with these countries. Economic Systems Free market economy: production of goods and services is in private ownership. Production is dictated by supply and demand. Command economy: decisions on what to produce, how much, done by the government. Most command economies are moving away from the command economy. Mixed economy: certain economic sectors controlled by private business, others are government controlled. Many mixed countries are moving toward a free enterprise system. Recent Trends Current shift away from totalitarian dictators toward democratic regimes. Very dramatic example seen in the collapse of the former Soviet Republic. Also very pronounced in Latin America and Africa. With this shift, has come a strong movement toward free market systems. This provides great opportunities to business managers on a global level. Many businesses are investing millions in former totalitarian countries to seize these opportunities. Changing Political and Economic Forces Sociocultural Forces National culture: includes the values, norms, knowledge, beliefs, and other practices that unite a country. Values: abstract ideas about what a society believes to be good, desirable and beautiful. Provides attitudes for democracy, truth, appropriate roles for men, and women. Usually not static but very slow to change. Norms: social rules prescribing behavior in a given situation. Folkways: routine social conventions including dress codes and manners. Mores: Norms that are central to functioning of society. much more significant that folkways. More examples include theft, adultery, and are often enacted into law. Norms vary from country to country. Hofstede’s Model of National Culture Individualism v. Collectivism Individualism: world view that values individual freedom and self-expression. Usually has a strong belief in personal rights and need to be judged by achievements. Collectivism: world view that values the group over the individual. Widespread in Communism. Prevalent in Japan as well. Managers must understand how their workers relate to this issue. Power Distance A society’s acceptance of differences in the well being of citizens due to differences in heritage, and physical and intellectual capabilities. In high power distance societies, the gap between rich and poor gets very wide. In low power distance societies, any gap between rich and poor is reduced by taxation and welfare programs. Most western cultures (U. S. , Germany, United Kingdom) have relatively low power distance and high individualism. Many economically poor countries such as Panama, Malaysia have high power distance and low individualism. Achievement vs Nurture Achievement oriented societies value assertiveness, performance, success. The society is results-oriented. Nurturing-oriented value quality of life, personal relationships, service. The U. S. and Japan are achievement-oriented while Sweden, Denmark are more nurturing-oriented. Uncertainty Avoidance Societies and people differ on their willingness to take on risk. Low uncertainty avoidance (U. S. , Hong Kong), value diversity, and tolerate differences. Tolerate a wide range of opinions and beliefs. High uncertainty avoidance (Japan and France) are more rigid and do not tolerate people acting differently. High conformity to norms is expected. Long Term Outlook Long-term outlook is based on values of saving, and persistence. Taiwan and Hong Kong are cultures that are long -term in outlook. Short-term outlook seeks the maintenance of personal stability or happiness right now. France and the U. S. are examples of this approach. International Expansion Importing and Exporting: the least complex method of expansion. Exporting: firm makes products and sells abroad. Importing: firm sells products made abroad. Licensing: firm allows foreign organization to make and distribute goods for a fee. Helps the home firm since it does not have to set up a complete production and distribution network. Franchising: company sells a foreign organization the rights to use brand name and know-how in return for payment and profit percentage. International Options Strategic Alliances: managers pool resources with a foreign firm and both organizations share the rewards and risks. Allows firm to maintain control which is a problem with exporting, licensing, and franchising. Wholly-owned foreign subsidiary: firm invests in production operations in a foreign country. Many Japanese auto firms have done this in the U. S. This is very expensive but can yield high returns. International Expansion How to cite Course Notes on Principles of Management, Papers

Common Characteristics of Civilization free essay sample

Many people define civilization in different ways. Both archeologist Child and another historian thought for civilization to exist it had to include: the plow, wheeled cart and draft animals, sailing ships, the smelting of copper and bronze, a solar calendar, writing, standards of measurement, irrigation ditches, specialized craftsmen, urban centers and a surplus of food necessary to support non-agricultural workers who lived within the walls of the city. In addition, the historian thought that a civilization needed human organization, too, not Just human achievements. He leveled a civilization also needed money collected through taxes, a privileged ruling class, a centralized government and a national religious or priestly class. Then there was Chuckhole who believed there were three necessary factors for collocation: towns containing more than 5000 people, writing, and monumental ceremonial centers. Lastly, there Is anthropologist Adams who believed that collocation needed: class stratification based on the ownership and control of production, political and religious hierarchies complementing each other In the central administration of territorially organized states and lastly, a complex division f labor, with skilled workers, soldiers and officials existing alongside the great mass of peasant producers. We will write a custom essay sample on Common Characteristics of Civilization: or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, some common characteristics of civilization are: the ability to write, a need for government hierarchy, and skilled workers and specialized craftsmen.I believe that there can be exceptions to the characteristics of a civilization just like there are many definitions of civilization; for instance, I do not believe monumental ceremonial centers are a necessity to have a civilization; however, the ability to communicate is important. I do feel there are certain things you must have to be a civilization: the ability to communicate this is essential for organization and planning, a government hierarchy to keep law and order, an abundance of food to support a large community, and skilled workers to craft tools.Just like the text stated, civilization is a word easier to describe than it is to define. However, I do not feel that the word civilization accurately characterizes groups of people. This word encompasses many people and their cultures, so it would put two completely different groups of people (republicans and democrats) under the same definition. Even though these two groups of people may live together In a civilization and share common things, they have many differences.Common Characteristics of Civilization: By linearitys civilization: towns containing more than 5000 people, writing, and monumental ceremonial centers. Lastly, there is anthropologist Adams who believed that civilization needed: class stratification based on the ownership and control of production, political and religious hierarchies complementing each other in the there can be exceptions to the characteristics of a civilization Just like there are many in a civilization and share common things, they have many differences.